December 28,2013: Saudi Women Plan New Day of Defiance Against Driving Ban

The campaign against Saudi Arabia's ban on women driving has shifted tactics to increasingly challenge the law ahead of a new nationwide day of defiance on Dec. 28

Women activists are now driving weekly and documenting their confrontations with law enforcement on social media to increase pressure on the conservative monarchy and keep the issue in the public eye. The campaigners are also trying to discern subtle but mixed signals from the secretive monarchy for encouragement that change may be afoot. They said authorities have used different tactics with different drivers, creating some uncertainty over where the government stands.

"I kind of feel that the government wants us to drive, but at the same time it doesn't want to make it official yet because it doesn't want to face the religious establishment," said Tamador Alyami.

She spoke by phone after riding in the passenger seat with another woman driving in the coastal city of Jeddah on Dec. 12. Ms. Alyami said she planned to drive on Dec. 28 and doesn't think the government will take drastic measures to stop her.

"I think they got the message," she said.

In a video of her Dec. 12 drive posted on YouTube, the two women chatted nervously, scanning for police cars that soon converged upon them. The sound of Talal Maddah, a late Saudi singer, came from the car stereo: "My beloved country, you are the land of pride and a beacon of shining light." Seven police patrols surrounded the car, stopped it, then towed it away. Authorities had the women sign a pledge not to drive again and released them. A day earlier, two other women drove for half an hour in the capital Riyadh, before police stopped them. They were held in the police station for 10 hours until they and their male guardians signed similar pledges. But their car wasn't towed. While Saudi police continue to stop those who defy the ban, no woman has been jailed for driving since 2011. When activists announced a first driving day on Oct. 26 in the revived campaign, the Interior Ministry came out with a strongly worded statement saying women aren't allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia. Authorities detained a man who wrote in support of women driving, but have stopped short of more politically sensitive arrests of female drivers. With no hint of a change, women drivers and their supporters make weekly visits to the Shoura advisory council, the royal court, and cabinet ministers with petitions and reports. In one key meeting, women's rights activist Hala al Dosari and another activist managed to book a meeting with powerful Interior Minister Prince Mohammed bin Nayef. They were in the same complex, but met by videoconference—standard practice for ministry meetings with females. The prince told the women that a decision wasn't in his hands—something they had heard before from other Saudi officials, Ms. Dosari said. The prince assured them the driving ban "was on the table" with the proper authorities, she said, adding this was the same answer Saudis pushing for change always get.

"Just a vague response to keep us satisfied," she said.

The ministry didn't respond to requests to comment. But even the religious establishment appears split. Sheik Abdulatif al Alsheikh, head of the feared religious police, said in September that Islamic law doesn't have a text forbidding women from driving. The country's grand mufti, Sheik Abdul Aziz al-Sheikh, said last month, however, that the ban protects society from "evil."

More than 22 years have passed since Saudi women first demanded the right to drive. Nevertheless, some remain upbeat that change could come soon. But change in the kingdom comes from the top down.

King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al Saud, often seen as a cautious reformer, announced in 2011 that women will be allowed to vote and run in local elections, and this past February, he appointed the first 30 women to the advisory Shoura Council. The nonagenarian monarch told American journalist Barbara Walters in 2005 that it will be possible to lift the ban on women driving. But he said the "issue will require patience."