Saturday, June 8, 2019
Pakistan emblematic of using blasphemy laws to repress religious minorities.
His case follows the recent arrival of Asia Bibi, a Pakistani Christian woman, in Canada following her imprisonment for eight years in Pakistan on charges of blasphemy. Bibi’s case brought the issue of blasphemy laws in the Middle East back to forefront of discussion, especially as they relate to religious minorities.Bibi, a Roman Catholic, gained international recognition when Muslim villagers accused her of insulting the Prophet Mohammad in 2009. Days later, she was dragged out of her home and beaten by a mob, after which she was taken into custody and sentenced to death.Two of Bibi’s strongest supporters and open critics of fundamentalist Islam, Salman Taseer, the Governor of Punjab, and Shabaz Bhatti, Pakistan’s first federal minister of minority affairs, paid for their support with their lives. They were shot and killed within two months of each other in 2011.
In January, Pakistan’s Supreme Court upheld its October 2018 decision to acquit Bibi on the grounds of lack of evidence, and she was granted asylum by Ottawa in early May, reuniting with her family which had already been in hiding there due to threats from religious extremists. According to Zohra Yusuf, a council member at the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, Bibi’s case sharply divided Pakistani society.
“Religious parties demonstrated violently for her execution, while rights groups campaigned for her acquittal and safety,” Yusuf told The Media Line. “However, her acquittal could have been a turning point for reforms, [but] this opportunity was lost as the government was more concerned about maintaining order.”Over 1,500 people were charged under Pakistan’s blasphemy law from 1987 to 2017, according to the Center for Social Justice, a Lahore-based religious minority rights group.Although none of the accused have been executed, extrajudicial punishment was carried out in some cases, and about 70 of those charged with blasphemy were killed by vigilantes. In 2014, a young Christian couple, Shahzad Masih and his pregnant wife Shama, were beaten and had their bodies burned in an industrial brick kiln following allegations that the couple desecrated a Koran. The charges were later found to be false.
According to Yusuf, several efforts to reform the laws on blasphemy have failed to bear fruit.
“Any amendment would need a two-thirds majority in parliament. But legislators tend to cave in when it comes to pressure from the [hardline Islamic] religious parties, even though they have minimal political representation ” she explained.
Jeremy Barker, director of the Middle East Action Team at the Religious Freedom Institute (RFI), concurred.
“These laws are subject to influence from vocal religious majorities who threaten physical violence or exert undue pressure on the judiciary to bring [blasphemy] charges against minorities,” he told The Media Line.Indeed, scholars at the RFI have documented a correlation between enforced blasphemy laws and greater levels of religion-inspired terrorism. In fact, according to their findings, countries that enforce blasphemy laws experience six-and-a-half times more religion-related terrorism. And Pakistan isn’t the sole regional enforcer of such statutes.
Defying Authority: Arab, Russia And Pakistan Protesters Learn Lessons Of 2011 – Analysis
Demonstrators in Sudan, Algeria and nations beyond the Middle East such as Pakistan and Russia are applying lessons learnt from the 2011 popular Arab revolts as the Sudanese military uses an apparent Saudi-United Arab Emirates template to crack down.
This week’s crackdown in the Sudanese capital of Khartoum, in which reportedly some 100 people were killed as of this writing and hundreds wounded, has all the tell-tale signs of the Saudi-UAE assisted repression of a 2011 revolt in Bahrain.
The deaths have also sparked comparisons to a crackdown on protesters on a Cairo square in 2013 by Saudi-UAE-backed general-turned president Abdel Fattah al-Sisi that left up to 1,000 people dead.
The crackdown, despite an apology by Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, the head of Sudan’s Transitional Military Council (TMC), like in Bahrain, involved not only the shooting of protesters but also attacks on hospitals treating the wounded and the beating up of medical staff.
General Al-Burhan and the TMC took power in April after months of protests forced president Omar al-Bashir to resign after 26 years in office.
Protesters and analysts noted that the crackdown came on the heels of visits to the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Egypt by General Al-Burhan. It also followed Saudi Arabia and the UAE pledging US$3 billion to help Sudan weather the crisis.
UAE crown prince Mohammed bin Zayed promised General Al-Burhan to help “preserve Sudan’s security and stability.”
The US State Department signalled its belief that Gulf states may have inspired the violence by describing it as a “brutal crackdown” and stressing to Saudi deputy defense minister Khalid bin Salman “the importance of a transition from the Transitional Military Council to a civilian-led government in accordance with the will of the Sudanese people.”
The degree to which Sudanese protesters are willing to implement lessons learnt from the 2011 revolts will be determined by their willingness and ability to sustain their protests in the face of violence.
The opposition this week rejected an offer by General Al-Burhan to reopen negotiations and hold elections within nine months.
“We believe that the matter is now in the hands of the Sudanese people. This regime will fall, no matter what,” said Khalid Omar Yousef, a leader of the Declaration of Freedom and Change Forces (DFCF), an alliance of opposition groups.
The protesters, like their counterparts in Algeria who in April forced the resignation of president Abdulaziz Bouteflika, have vowed to sustain their protests until their demand has been met that the old regime has been dismantled and replaced by civilian rule.
Protesters in 2011 that toppled the leaders of Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Yemen declared victory and surrendered the street once they had forced their leaders to step down.
The surrender helped successful efforts to rollback the revolts’ success in three of the four countries with Tunisia, where civilian rule and democracy prevailed, constituting the only exception.
The years between the rollback of the achievements of the revolts and the eruption of mass anti-government demonstrations in Algeria and Sudan were pockmarked by small-scale, issue-oriented protests across the Middle East and North Africa.
A military squashing of the Sudanese protests, if Bahrain is the model, could introduce not only a period of sustained small-scale protests but also of low-level violence.
The threat of sustained instability in Sudan is enhanced by the fact that this week’s crackdown was carried out by the feared Rapid Support Forces (RSF), paramilitaries accused of systematic human rights abuses during the war in Darfur.
The force is led by General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as Hemedti, who also serves as deputy head of the TMC and, like General Al-Burhan, has close ties to the UAE and Saudi Arabia.
The Middle Eastern and North African model of smaller-scale, issue-oriented protests has been replicated in Pakistan and Russia with the government in Moscow adopting a more conciliatory tone than the Pakistani military.
The military appears determined to put an end to sustained peaceful protests by the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) or Pashtun Protection Movement, an ethnic rights group that is demanding that security forces be held accountable for extrajudicial killings and other injustices.
Trying to stop a rights demonstration in the troubled region of Waziristan, security forces on Sunday killed at least eight people and detained Ali Wazir, one of the movement’s leaders and a member of parliament.
PTM leaders, like protesters in Sudan, Algeria and Russia, are increasingly less intimidated by security force violence or dire warnings that they risk exposing their country to the fate of Libya, Syria or Yemen, that have been wracked by civil war and foreign military intervention since the 2011 protests.
“PTM members are nonviolent but prepared to die to speak the truth — and our security forces have no answer,” said Afrasiab Khattak, a retired politician and commentator.
Protesters across Russia express similar degrees of fearlessness.
“Rallies and protests are now occurring with increasing frequency, primarily because Russians no longer care if the authorities refuse to sanction a given gathering, making it and participation in it illegal.
Indeed, protesters are becoming radicalized. They now refuse to buckle under pressure, and they are willing to take to the streets over issues as non-political as the environment and as local as the construction of a cathedral,” said Russian journalist Andrey Pertsev.
For now, Russia compared to Sudan, Pakistan and Algeria is the exception. Authorities, apparently so far unwilling to use violence, have sought to accommodate protesters and in some cases have met their demands.
Unlike the 2011 Arab protests that often started in second and third tier cities before going nationwide, a well-placed source in Moscow said the Russian protests were unlikely to spread to the Russian capital where security was far tighter.
If there is one fundamental lesson to be learnt, it is that the most recent wave of protests signals that an era of dissent and defiance that started in 2011 is far from over.
Each wave takes in the lessons of the mistakes of its predecessor. Violence, repression and ever starker authoritarianism delays the process but does little to end it.
Accommodation helps defuse immediate tensions but is likely to fuel dissent.
Speaking in the wake of the crackdown, Mohammed Yousef al-Mustafa, a spokesman for the Sudanese Professionals Association, which has spearheaded the protests, asserted that “we have no choice but to continue our protests and civil disobedience until the fall of the military council.”
#JusticeForJamna - Imran Khan's so-called state of Madina - #Hindu Girl in Sindh, Pakistan raped by two men
The incident reportedly took place on Friday, June 7. After the girl, identified as Jamna Saami, was forcefully intoxicated and sexually assaulted by two men, she was allegedly left in a sports ground around her district.
Pictures and videos taken by people who later found her went viral online.
Conflicting reports on the girl’s exact age have emerged. However, most local news sources said that she was around 12 years old.
The police arrested the accused and registered a first information report (FIR) against them. However, many believed that action should have been taken sooner.
The accused have been identified as brothers Roshan Shaikh and Rajab Shaikh. Hindu rights activist, Kapil Dev, @KDSindhi shared the picture of the accused.
Update on Jamna Case: Two main accused rapists Roshan Shaikh & Rajab Shaikh has been arreated & an FIR has been lodged against them. #Justiceforjamna
118 people are talking about this
After the spread of the news, people were outraged and the hashtag #JusticeforJamna became the top trend on Twitter across Pakistan.
People called for better protection of children and minorities. They also discussed women’s safety in the country.
Prior to the arrests being made, tweep @bilalfqi posted: “11-year-old girl in Sujawal, Sindh, reportedly abducted, administered an intoxicant and raped. She was later beaten and left at a ground. Sindh government must ensure that the men who did this are behind bars ASAP! [as soon as possible] #JusticeForJamna”
11-year-old girl in Sujawal, Sindh, reportedly abducted, administered an intoxicant and raped. She was later beaten and left at a ground. Sindh govt must ensure that the men who did this are behind bars ASAP! #JusticeForJamna
1,065 people are talking about this
Similarly, Twitter user @EngrMianAyub called for action from authorities: “Regardless of her religion, Jamna is a daughter of #Pakistan, she is Pakistani. Whole Pakistan [is] raising its voice for the Justice of this innocent girl. This should stop now. The culprits should be punished death sentence. #Justiceforjamna”
User @KashifMD chose to directly tweet at Shireen Mazari, Pakistan’s current Federal Minister for Human Rights: “This calls for an immediate investigation ma’am @ShireenMazari1. It is your responsibility to ensure protection of dignity and human rights of all citizens of all faiths. This continues to happen under your watch. Set a precedent here.”
Meanwhile, there were women who argued that incidents like these prove why movements such as the Aurat (women) March that took place this year might be necessary.
Tweep @Tooba_Sd wrote: “Jamna Saami is her name. She was sexually assaulted and raped. Her videos have been circulating on social media in a traumatic state. Remember her name when next time they ask us why we are out on the roads to march. It’s for each one of us and for Jamna! #JusticeForJamna”
Jamna Sammi is the her name. She was sexually assaulted & raped. Her videos have been circulating on SM in a traumatic state. Remember her name when next time they ask us why we are out on the roads to march. It’s for each one of us and for Jamna! #JusticeForJamna
187 people are talking about this
Not the first
Last month, news of a 10-year-old girl named Farishta Mohmand, being allegedly raped and murdered in Islamabad shocked the country.
Pakistanis raised similar concerns surrounding women’s and children safety in Mohmand’s case. Delays in filing a first information report (FIR) and conducting a postmortem had angered many.
#Pakistan - Women-Victims of Violence and Sexual Assault
By: Azhar Azad Mughal
The rising wave of violence against Farishta like women exposes failure of the writ and supremacy of the law of the land. If law is not enforced in letter and spirit,such gruesome incidents will occur unabated.The women folk does not enjoy safety and protection in this state of the pure,which is gross violation and breach of not only human rights but also moral, social values and religious ethics.No body can feel the trauma and pain of the parents and family members are undergoing.What is badly needed is to ensure the rule of law and dispense justice to the underprivileged and weaker sections of society at all costs come what may.Unfortunately,law takes its due course if the interests of the privileged and mighty hands are in danger.In case this exercise continues,it will certainly have negative consequences and repercussions.
The innocent blood of Farishta at the hands of the monsters develops worrying sceniro for the women folk of my beloved country.The inaccessible and poor grieved parents demand justice,which is rare and costly. Instead of realizing their irresponsibility out of sheer negligence,the police’s leveling of baseless allegations of eloping is akin to having salt on their wounds.It was the strong voice of the protesters in the capital after which interior ministry and the concerned quarters uncovered their masks from their faces,opened the closed eyes and took serious notice of the matter keeping in view the security of the matter.Why do the state organs play the part of silent spectators and not act on their own?This is the query that is frequently asked by the general public?This is not the first incident of its kind and nature.The present PTI-led regime which come in power in the wake of slogan of change has to bid farewell to the law ” might is right” and instead has to implement laws of decency,justice,fairplay and transparency in order to usher in a new era of enlightenment and welfare. The women are not destined to suffer at the hands of ugly and nasty faces.The culprits of this heinous crime must be dealt with severely and given exemplary punishment in the light of the law of the land.